member of the select cadre of presbyters (including ‘apostles’) whom Papias associated with earlier times.”7 Critical scholars are quick to name two separate figures at the turn of the second century named John: the apostle and the elder. Some apostle biographers are also comfortable in assigning two figures to the legacy of John: “The conclusion seems to be again that the authority for this Gospel was that of John, son of Zebedee, but that it was either written or edited by an elder, also living
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